top of page

Find out more about the different organic compounds and their respective preparation.

How to prepare organic compounds?

Preparing Methane

  1. Methane is prepared by the reaction between Sodium ethanoate and Soda lime.

  2. When Sodium ethanoate is heated with Sodium hydroxide in the presence of Calcium oxide, Sodium carbonate is formed with the evolution of Methane gas.

  3. The reaction occurs at 300-degree Celsius to give methane as the product.

Preparing Ethane

  1. When the mixture of sodium propionate and soda lime is taken in the boiling tube and heated the ethane gas is evolved.

  2. It is also collected by the downward displacement of water.

img0.3.png
394229487_287398177446221_135360883861542321_n.png

Preparing Propane

  1. The way propane is prepared by chemists is they catalyze propyne, whose chemical formula is C3H6 and add 2 dihydrogen atoms to it, which activates the hydrogen bond, and add platinum, palladium or nickel to it.

  2. This process is called hydrogenation.

  3. If it is processed from natural gas, it is removed from butane, and even ethane. It is one of the best ways to produce propane, since the most propane is produced from this method. 

Preparing Butane

  1. Butane can be synthesized by the Wurtz reaction, which involves treating alkyl halides with metallic sodium in the presence of dry ether.

  2. Butane is created when metallic sodium (Na) and bromoethane (C2H5Br) combine while being mixed with dry ether.

  3. To prevent the reaction from progressing through side reactions that could result in the synthesis of alkenes, the reaction is conducted in a dry ether solution. 

1669866026472_ewlaczcr_2068835.jpg
Fractional-Distillation-700x469.png

Preparing Pentane

  1. Pentane is often obtained as a fraction during the fractional distillation of crude oil.

  2. It is separated from other hydrocarbons based on its boiling point, which is around 36.1 °C.

Preparing Hexane

  1. Virtually all hexane is obtained from petroleum mixtures through controlled fractional distillation and other refinery-based processes.

  2. Hexane can be obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil.

  3. It is typically separated from other components in the range of 68.7 °C.

phpSJaHoS_edited.jpg
Normal-Heptane.jpg

Preparing Heptane

  1. The preparation of heptane involved three chemical steps.

  2. Catalytic reduction of purified 2-heptanol to 2-heptanol; dehydration of the 2-heptanol to a mixture of ' n-heptenes; and hydrogenation of these heptenes to n-heptane.

  3. In each step, purification was affected by fractional distillation.

Preparing Octane

  1. Using 50 grams of butyl bromide, 10.5 grams of bird shot sodium or a 25% excess, and 40 cc. of ether, at the reflux temperature yields of 73 percent have been obtained in five hours when the mixture is agitated, and without agitation, but 44%.

  2. By dropping the butyl bromide on the sodium contained in a pyrex round bottomed flask, high yields were obtained with times of reaction less than an hour.

imgsrv.png

Preparing Nonane

  1. Nonane is another component of crude oil and can be separated by fractional distillation.

  2. Its boiling point is around 151 °C.

Preparing Decane

  1. Decane is yet another straight-chain alkane found in crude oil.

  2. It can be separated by fractional distillation, and its boiling point is approximately 174.1 °C.

decane03.png
bottom of page